Childhood Cavities (Tooth Decay)

Childhood cavities, also called childhood tooth decay or childhood caries, are common worldwide. The two main causes are poor dental hygiene and sugary diets. Cavities can be painful and lead to tooth decay or childhood periodontitis if untreated. Ensuring a balanced diet, consistent home oral care, and biannual pediatric dental visits are key to preventing cavities and maintaining oral health.

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What Causes Cavities?

Cavities form when children’s teeth are regularly exposed to sugary foods and carbohydrates. Sugars collect on the teeth and form plaque, a sticky film where oral bacteria feed on sugars and produce acids. These acids attack tooth enamel, weakening it and causing tooth decay. If untreated, acids can penetrate deeper layers of the tooth.

Even though primary (baby) teeth are eventually lost, they are important for chewing, speech, and proper alignment. Protecting them is essential.

Signs of Cavities

Large cavities cause pain, while small ones may go unnoticed. Some cavities form between teeth and are invisible without X-rays. Common symptoms include:

  • Sensitivity to cool or warm foods
  • Nighttime waking and crying
  • Pain or toothache
  • Sensitivity to spicy foods

If any of these symptoms occur, contact a pediatric dentist promptly to prevent worsening decay and pain.

Preventing Cavities at Home

Biannual dental visits are crucial, but daily habits also matter. Follow these guidelines:

  • Analyze the diet: Reduce sugary or starchy snacks. Replace candy with natural foods and soda with water.
  • Limit snacking: Frequent snacks prolong sugar exposure. Save sugar/starch for mealtimes and ensure water intake.
  • Lose the sippy cup: Prolonged use can cause baby bottle tooth decay. Transition to a regular cup by around twelve months.
  • Avoid sticky foods: Sticky sweets form plaque quickly and are hard to remove.
  • Rinse pacifiers: Avoid transmitting bacteria from parent to child. Rinse under running water instead of using saliva.
  • Bedtime drinks: Avoid bottles or sippy cups filled with milk, formula, juice, or sweetened water at bedtime. Brush teeth afterward.
  • Don’t sweeten pacifiers: Avoid honey or sugar to calm the child; use toys or blankets instead.
  • Brush and floss: Brush and floss twice daily until age seven, helping the child reach all areas of the mouth.
  • Check fluoride: Fluoride strengthens enamel but must be used appropriately. Ask the pediatric dentist for guidance.
  • Keep appointments: Follow a regular dental schedule starting at the first birthday, as recommended by the AAPD.

For questions or concerns about cavity prevention, please contact our office.